1 Kings 16:19

Authorized King James Version

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For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

Original Language Analysis

עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 1 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ For his sins H2403
וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ For his sins
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 2 of 17
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לְהַֽחֲטִ֖יא to sin H2398
לְהַֽחֲטִ֖יא to sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
עָשָׂ֔ה in doing H6213
עָשָׂ֔ה in doing
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 5 of 17
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הָרַ֖ע evil H7451
הָרַ֖ע evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 6 of 17
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
בְּעֵינֵ֣י in the sight H5869
בְּעֵינֵ֣י in the sight
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 7 of 17
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 8 of 17
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ H1980
לָלֶ֙כֶת֙
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 9 of 17
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ in the way H1870
בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ in the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 10 of 17
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
יָֽרָבְעָ֔ם of Jeroboam H3379
יָֽרָבְעָ֔ם of Jeroboam
Strong's: H3379
Word #: 11 of 17
jarobam, the name of two israelite kings
וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ For his sins H2403
וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ For his sins
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 12 of 17
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשָׂ֔ה in doing H6213
עָשָׂ֔ה in doing
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 14 of 17
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לְהַֽחֲטִ֖יא to sin H2398
לְהַֽחֲטִ֖יא to sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 15 of 17
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ to make Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ to make Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 17 of 17
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kings of israel: elah, zimri, omri, ahab, within the book's focus on spiritual decline of both kingdoms under various rulers.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This period (c. 930-850 BCE) saw rapid succession and instability, especially in the northern kingdom.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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